Complications of Long-terms Reflux and Heartburn

Complications of Long-terms Reflux and Heartburn

Acid reflux can sometimes result in serious complications.

Oesophagitis : It is inflammation of the oesophagus and can occur as a result of frequent exposure of the oesophagus to the stomach acid. It can lead to ulcers or oesophageal bleeding. 

Stricture : Narrowing or partial closure of the lower oesophagus may occur, interfering with a person's ability to swallow. 

Barrett's oesophagus : There is a change in the cells of the tissue lining the bottom of the oesophagus that can increase the chance of developing cancer.

Lung Problems : Wheezing (asthma), bronchitis and pneumonia can also develop when reflux causes stomach fluid to overflow into the breathing tubes. This often occurs at night when a person is lying down. 

Other possible problems caused by acid reflux include inflammation of the throat and larynx (voice box).

Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

The presence of typical symptoms is usually sufficient to make the diagnosis of GERD. Patients with a history of heart disease or with multiple risk factors for heart disease (older age, diabetes, smoking, high blood pressure and/or history of heart disease in the family) may need evaluation to establish that the discomfort is not the result of heart problems. 

Endoscopy : In gastrointestinal endoscopy the inner lining of the oesophagus and stomach is viewed to determine whether the refluxed acid has produced any tissue damage. It is done 
In patients of GERD, who have unexplained weight loss or vomiting, difficulty swallowing, evidence of bleeding from gastrointestinal tract or anaemia, to rule out other causes which may present with similar symptoms .
If GERD symptoms start after the age of 40 years.
In patients who do not respond to the standard treatment of GERD. 

Upper GI Barium Series : The patient drinks liquid contrast (barium suspension) to coat the oesophagus and stomach and then X-rays are taken.

Oesophageal Manometry : A specialized tube is passes into the oesophagus to measure oesophageal muscle function and the function of the lower oesophageal sphincter muscle.

Twenty-four hour pH monitoring : A very thin tube is passed into the oesophagus to measure the amount of acid reflux.

Treatment  of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

The mainstays of the treatment for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease are lifestyle modifications and, if necessary, medicines to decrease the amount of acid in the stomach. 

Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Causes of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Complications of Long-terms Reflux and Heartburn
Lifestyle Modifications of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Rest and sleep for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease