Diagnosis for Cirrhosis of Liver

Diagnosis

If the signs and symptoms are suggestive of cirrhosis then certain tests are advised. These are : 

Ultrasound (ultrasonography)
CT Scan
MRI

Liver biopsy : Liver biopsy is the only method to provide a confirmed diagnosis of cirrhosis. In this procedure, a small sample of tissue is removed from the liver and examined under a microscope. 

Liver function tests : These include estimation of 

Serum bilirubin
SGOT 
SGPT
Alkaline phosphatase
Serum proteins
Prothrombin time
Immunological tests to find if Hepatitis C or B is the cause of cirrhosis. 

Complications 

A number of serious complications can arise secondary to cirrhosis :

Increased pressure in the portal vein : When scar tissue blocks normal circulation through the lie, there is increased pressure in the main vein of the liver ( portal hypertension). This leads to back-pressure of blood in other blood vessels - mainly those of the stomach and oesophagus. This is known as esophageal varices. They can get ruptured and start bleeding. Bleeding varices is a live-threatening emergency that requires immediate medical care. 

Fluid retention: Liver disease can cause large amounts of fluid to accumulate in legs ( oedema) and abdominal cavity ( ascites). Ascites can be uncomfortable and may interfere with breathing. 

Bruising and bleeding : Cirrhosis interferes with the production of blood clotting factors and with the absorption of vitamin K, which plays a role in the synthesis of these factors. Because of the deficiency of clotting factors, bruising and bleeding occurs easily. 

Osteioporosis : Cirrhosis interferes with the liver's ability to process vitamin D and calcium, both of which are essential for bone growth and health. As a result, weak, brittle bones and bone loss is common.

Hepatic encephalopathy : A liver damaged by cirrhosis has trouble removing toxins from the body. Therefore accumulation of toxins such a s ammonia - a byproduct of protein digestion can affect the brain leading to changes in the mental state, behaviour and personality. This is known as hepatic encephalopathy. Symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy include forgetfulness, confusion and mood changes, and in advanced cases, delirium and coma. 

Liver cancer : Risk of liver cancer is increased in patients of cirrhosis. 

Cirrhosis of Liver
Causes of Cirrhosis of Liver
Diagnosis for Cirrhosis of Liver
Treatment for Cirrhosis of Liver